作者：王飞跃
作者介绍：中南林业科技大学政法学院教授
出版日期：2022年4月9日
内容提要 抽象危险犯天然具有扩张处罚范围的倾向，对其如何限制适用以避免刑法的过度扩张极为重要。围绕发挥司法人员自由裁量权来限制适用的诸种方案并不可行。抽象危险犯个罪的裁判规范存在先天不足，应当通过续造补足。围绕构成要件符合性续造规范，应当以抽象危险犯个罪共同具有的组成要素的齐整性、致险程度的相当性、规范违反的同质性三个特征为指导，针对个罪的规制对象进行，以司法解释、司法文件等方式指导法官办理个案。以三个特征对高空抛物罪构成要件符合性的裁判规范进行指导，续造的裁判规范为“高层结构中公众出入的时段与区域”“利用高差抛掷致险器物”“禁止实施抛掷物品致使人身、财产遭受损害危险行为规范的违反”。
关键词 抽象危险犯 裁判规范续造 危险驾驶 高空抛物
Abstract: As there are more and more offences without harm in the penal code of China, it is extremely important to limit their application to avoid excessive expansion of criminal law. The proposals relying on judges’ discretion are infeasible. The judicial instruction of offences without harm has a deficiency, and the creation of judicial guidelines becomes inevitable. Offences without harm have three characters: uniform elements, equivalent endangerment, and similar norms being violated. The process of creation of judicial guidelines should be under the instruction of these three characters, guiding judges to handle cases by judicial interpretations and judicial documents. For example, the judicial guidelines of the crime of throwing objects from buildings should be created as follows: the period of public access within the public district of buildings and similar constructions, throwing objects making use of height difference, violation of norm prohibiting causation of danger to personal injury and property damage.