作者：吴英姿
作者介绍：南京大学法学院教授
出版日期：2022年4月9日
内容提要 民事诉讼行为保全制度不能满足民事禁令制度的程序规范需要。临时禁令程序是一种独立的程序，具有实体法与程序法双重属性，其目的不在解纷，而在于维系权利现状。普通程序无法适应禁令快速反应的需要。非讼程序与禁令程序的本质特征不相契合。诉讼与非讼程序法理交错适用论因理论缺陷无法为禁令程序构建提供理论支持。略式程序契合禁令程序简速裁判的要求。申请人启动禁令程序应当提供表面证据确凿的事实。法院无需对本案进行完整、实质审理即可作出裁定，但不能突破最低限度程序保障要求。临时禁令具有形式确定力和执行力，无既判力，适用“异议—撤销”简式救济途径。禁令保证金有助于保证禁令程序的可逆性。
关键词 民事禁令程序 略式程序 表面证据 人格权禁令 知识产权禁令
Abstract: The preservation system of civil procedure can not meet the requirements of injunction procedure. A temporary injunction procedure is an independent procedure with the dual attributes of entity law and procedural law. Its purpose is not to resolve disputes, but to maintain the status quo of rights. Ordinary procedures cannot accommodate the need for rapid response to an injunction. The essential characteristics of the non-litigation procedure do not correspond to those of the injunction procedure. The theory of staggered application of legal principles of litigation and non-litigation procedure cannot provide theoretical support for the construction of injunction procedure because of its theoretical defects. Summary proceeding meets the need of brief adjudication of injunction procedure. In initiating the injunctive proceedings, the applicant shall provide prima facie facts. The court can make a ruling after a formal review without a full hearing, but cannot exceed the minimum procedural safeguards requirements. Because the injunction is made without a full hearing on the merits of the case, the effect of the injunction is the execution and the formal determination, but no res judicata. A validity period shall be set for the temporary injunction, and use the simple relief method ‘objection-revocation’. In order to ensure the reversibility of the injunction procedure, an injunction bond is necessary.