作者：王锴
作者介绍：北京航空航天大学法学院教授
出版日期：2022年4月9日
内容提要 法律位阶理论提供了判断法律形式之间位阶关系的两大标准，即条件关系和废止关系。其中，条件关系是积极标准，废止关系是消极标准，一个法律形式只有在授权另一个法律形式产生的基础上并能够单向否定被授权产生的法律形式的效力时，两者之间才能形成上下位阶关系。如果缺乏条件关系或者构成双向废止关系，则为相同位阶关系。我国传统的法律位阶的判断标准，无论是制定机关的地位高低还是立法生效范围的大小，都存在一些问题，因此有必要反思。同时，我国某些立法之间的位阶关系还不明确，也需要运用法律位阶理论提供的判断标准予以厘清。法律位阶对于维护国家法制统一和开展立法审查具有重要的实践意义。
关键词 法律位阶 条件关系 废止关系 框架秩序
Abstract: The theory of legal hierarchy provides two major criteria for judging the hierarchy relationship between legal forms, namely the conditional relationship and the derogation relationship. Among them, the conditional relationship is a positive standard, and the derogation relationship is a negative standard. Only when a legal form is authorized to produce another legal form and can unilaterally negate the validity of the authorized legal form, can the two form an up-and-down relationship. If it lacks the conditional relationship or constitutes a two-way derogation relationship, it constitutes the same hierarchy relationship. There are some problems in the traditional judgment standards of legal hierarchy in China, whether it is the status of the legislative organ or the valid scope of the legislation, so it is necessary to reflect on it. At the same time, some hierarchy relationships between certain legislations in China are still unclear, and they need to be clarified by using the judging criteria provided by the theory of legal hierarchy. Legal hierarchy has important practical significance for maintaining the unity of the national legal system and conducting the legislative review.