作者：朱全宝
作者介绍：宁波大学法学院教授
出版日期：2022年2月9日
内容提要 现行宪法关于“法律监督机关”（第134条）与“检察权”（第136条）之规定呈现出机关定位与权力定性的非对应性，此迥异于“一府一委两院”之其他国家机关，凸显了检察院的独特宪法地位，其蕴含的是法律监督机关的多重宪制功能。法律监督机关之宪法定位规约了检察权行使方式和检察制度的变革路径，检察权行使方式和检察制度的变革丰富了法律监督的内涵进而强化了法律监督机关的宪法定位。检察机关正是在这一良性互动中走上独具中国特色的实行法律监督之路。新时代法律监督机关应在其宪制功能与规范内涵指引下，全面维护国家法制统一，提升对行政权监督的质效，在法律监督新格局中切实捍卫社会的公平正义，进而推动中国特色社会主义检察制度行稳致远。
关键词 法律监督机关 检察机关 检察权 宪法定位 法制统一
Abstract: The provisions of ‘legal supervision organ’ (article 134) and ‘procuratorial power’ (article 136) in the current Constitution show the non-correspondence between organ positioning and power characterization. This is different from other state organs of ‘one government, one committee, the court and the procuratorate’, highlighting the unique constitutional status of the procuratorate, which contains multiple constitutional functions of legal supervision organs. The constitutional positioning of the legal supervision organ regulates the reform path of the way of exercising the procuratorial power and the procuratorial system. The reform of the way of exercising procuratorial power and the procuratorial system enriches the connotation of legal supervision, and then strengthens the constitutional positioning of the legal supervision organ. It is in this benign interaction that the procuratorial organ embarks on the road of ‘implementing legal supervision’ with unique Chinese characteristics. Under the guidance of its constitutional function and normative connotation, the legal supervision organs in the new era should comprehensively maintain the unity of the national legal system, improve the quality and efficiency of the supervision of administrative power, and earnestly safeguard the fairness and justice of the whole society in the new pattern of legal supervision, so as to promote the stable and far-reaching development of the socialist procuratorial system with Chinese characteristics.