作者：张平华
作者介绍：山东大学法学院教授
出版日期：2024年12月9日
内容提要 在复杂案件中，作为整体性生活事实的损害可能划分为多个阶段、多种类型、多个项目，人身损害赔偿请求权可作“框架—具体—项目”三级之分：框架请求权以侵权责任一般条款为基础，覆盖损害的整体生活事实；具体请求权要求有明确的侵害客体、要件事实和赔偿范围；项目请求权以人身损害之具体项目为赔偿对象，并可派生下位项目群。三级请求权又可以按照“原理—手段”“整体—局部”“优先—劣后”关系进行优化整合。诉讼救济属于终极整合手段，框架请求权、项目请求权分别对应宏观或微观诉讼标的，并依托诉讼合并、既判力发挥整合作用。人身损害赔偿并非单纯的民法问题，需要诉讼机制的协同；也并非纯粹的事实问题，离不开法律评价、规范指引和程序运行。
关键词 人身损害赔偿请求权 框架请求权 具体请求权 项目请求权 损害赔偿
Abstract: In complex cases, the damage as a whole fact of personal injury may be divided into multiple stages, types and items. The right to claim compensation for personal injury can be divided into three levels: ‘framework, specific, and project’. The framework right to claim is based on the general provisions of tort liability and covers the overall facts of the damaged; The specific right to claim requires a clear object of infringement, essential facts and scope of compensation; The project right to claim takes the specific project of personal injury as the compensation object, and can derive the subordinate project group. The third-level right to claim can be optimized and integrated according to the relationship of ‘principle-means’, ‘whole-part’ and ‘priority-inferiority’. Litigation relief belongs to the ultimate means of integration, and the framework right to claim and the project right to claim correspond to the macro or micro litigation object respectively, and play an integrated role by relying on litigation consolidation and res judicata. Personal injury compensation is not a simple civil law issue, which needs the cooperation of litigation mechanism; Nor is it a purely factual issue, which cannot be separated from legal evaluation, normative guidance and procedural operation.