作者：李学军
作者介绍：中国人民大学法学院教授、刑事法律科学研究中心特聘研究员
出版日期：2024年2月9日
内容提要 历史上曾经仅以神示法和决斗法方能实现的人身同一认定，经技术迭代演进为诸如人脸识别等数字人身同一认定，具有了高效、高能的“助力面向”。但在场景效应下，数字人身同一认定还隐含着侵害隐私和个人信息的“权力面向”。当前，数字人身同一认定的法律规制存在“授权不全面，限权不充分”的问题。为此，数字人身同一认定的规制完善需以生物识别数据为中心，并在价值论和方法论层面分别采取“两头强化”和“法技协同”原则；且应从赋权与限权两方面出发，对数据收集、使用、存储和删除等环节及其适用场域进行体系化完善。
关键词 数字人身同一认定 人脸识别 个人信息保护 隐私权 算法权力
Abstract: In history, personal identification, once only implemented by the ordeal or wager of battle, has been evolving into digital personal identification, including facial recognition, etc., through iterations of technology. Digital personal identification bears the ‘facet of assistance’, which improves the efficiency and ability of identification. However, under the contextual effect, its ‘facet of power’ looms, threatening citizens’ privacy and personal information. Up till now, the regulation on digital personal identification remains in the situation of ‘incomplete authorization and insufficient power restriction’. Therefore, the legal regulation on digital personal identification shall shift its focus on the biometric data, and utilize ‘the theory of strengthening two sides’ and ‘the methodology of synergy between law and technology’; moreover, systematic suggestions of the regulation on digital personal identification are proposed concerning the data processing stages (i.e., data collection, usage, storage, and deletion) and the applicable scenarios.