作者：刘忠
作者介绍：复旦大学法学院教授
出版日期：2023年12月9日
内容提要 “五湖四海”是当代中国干部选任的一项基本原则。干部交流任职是该原则的重要内容。在政法领域，先从法院院长、检察院检察长“两长”开始，再扩大到包括公安机关负责人的“三长”，政法干部交流在中央和地方不同层级展开。1982年《宪法》与1979年《刑事诉讼法》规定的一项基本诉讼原则为分工负责、互相配合、互相制约。制度经验验证，作为政治治理原则的干部交流并未与该诉讼原则冲突，而是有助于该原则的实现。干部交流因此扩展到党委政法委、司法行政、国家安全、法学会等部门，并进一步扩展到人大常委会相关部门、监察委、法学院校之间。这一干部交流方式成为中国当代政法体制的一个基础特征。
关键词 干部交流 五湖四海 政法系统
Abstract: ‘Selecting officials regardless of background’ is a basic principle for appointing cadres, and to rotate cadres among different posts is a major arrangement pursuant to such principle. The rotation of cadres in the politico-legal system started with presidents of courts and chief procurators of procuratorates and expanded subsequently to heads of public security organs. Both the Constitution of 1982 and the Criminal Procedure Law of 1979 stipulate the basic procedural principle of division of labor, coordination, and checking. The rotation of cadres as a governance principle is not in conflict but in tandem with the procedural principle. For that reason, the rotation arrangements have further expanded to include political and legal affairs commissions, judicial administrative agencies, national security agencies, law societies, etc., and then further to include the relevant departments of the standing committees of people’s congresses, supervision commissions, and law schools. The rotation system as such is a fundamental characteristic of China’s contemporary politico-legal regime.