作者：时业伟
作者介绍：北京师范大学法学院讲师，法学博士
出版日期：2023年12月9日
内容提要 文化多样性深刻影响了国际贸易协定的缔结，文化条款在自由贸易规则中的作用和影响力一直存在争议。《保护和促进文化表现形式多样性公约》对文化条款和自由贸易规则在WTO框架下的冲突进行了有限度的整合，同时在数字化背景下的区域贸易协定中发挥了促进作用。文化条款在WTO中的适用和解释需要回归到促进贸易自由这一目的，但文化产品的双重属性导致文化条款需要在数字化背景下的贸易协定中调整其发挥作用的方法。欧盟通过对文化多样性的坚持形成了内部的共同利益和价值观，但在数字经济影响下，欧盟签署的区域贸易协定也存在散乱、滞后和不明确的问题。为了应对数字化的挑战及其带来的机遇，在适用和落实文化条款时，我国需要在国内层面尽快建立在数字环境下可持续发展的文化治理体系，并在国际层面格外关注发展中国家和不发达国家文化产业数字化流通的集体利益，以赢得相应的国际话语权。
关键词 数字经济 国际贸易协定 文化多样性 文化条款
Abstract: Cultural diversity has profoundly affected the conclusion of international trade agreements, and the role and influence of cultural clauses in free trade rules have always been controversial. The Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions has limited integration of the conflicts between the two in WTO rules, and has played an increasingly prominent role in regional trade agreements in the context of digitization. The application and interpretation of cultural clauses in WTO rules need to return to the roots, but the dual attributes of cultural products shall be further coordinated in trade agreements in the context of the digital economy. The EU has developed internal common interests and values through its adherence to cultural diversity, but the regional trade agreements signed by the EU also face the issues of fragmentation, delay and ambiguity. In order to address the challenges of digitalization and the opportunities it brings, cultural clauses should actively adapt to the changes brought about by digital technology. Meanwhile, China needs to establish a cultural governance system that can sustainably develop in the digital environment at the domestic level as soon as possible, and pays extra attention to the collective interests of the digital circulation of cultural industries in developing countries and underdeveloped countries at the international level, so as to win corresponding international discourse power.