作者：林旭霞
作者介绍：福建师范大学法学院教授
出版日期：2023年10月9日
内容提要 在土地分层利用的情形中，现有民法体系中由“法定相邻关系”与“意定地役权”组合而成的“双轨制”呈现出局限性。既有解决思路无法为调整分层土地利用中的利益关系提供充分的制度方案。解决问题的进路是：基于公序良俗原则，类推适用强制缔约制度，设立强制地役权。强制地役权在分层土地利用中有充分的适用空间，可与民法体系相融合。基于原则冲突理论，在“土地合理利用原则”与“合同意思自治原则”之间，应优先适用“土地合理利用原则”，并以裁判强制缔结地役权合同为原则具体化后的规则。强制地役权合同内容应符合分层土地利用规划、建设工程技术标准的要求。强制地役权合同定价由第三方评估机构以专业评估方法加以确定，并通过程序控制克服评估方法的不足。
关键词 分层土地利用 强制缔约 强制地役权 法律原则冲突
Abstract: In the situation of using stratified land, the ‘dual track system’ composed of ‘legal adjacent relationship’ and ‘voluntary easement’ in the civil law system shows its shortcomings. The existing ideas cannot provide sufficient institutional solutions for adjusting the relationship in stratified land use. The way to solve the problem is to apply the compulsory contracting system by analogy under the principle of public order and good customs, and then establish compulsory easement. Compulsory easement has its full application space in layered land use, and integrates with the civil law system. Based on the theories of conflicted principles, ‘the principle of reasonable use of land’ should be applied preferentially between the ‘principle of reasonable use of land’ and ‘the principle of autonomy of will’, and the rule of compulsory conclusion of easement contract by judgment should be taken as the concretization of the principle. The content of the compulsory easement contract shall meet the requirements of the layered land use planning and construction engineering technical standards. The pricing of the compulsory easement contract is determined by the third-party evaluation agency with professional evaluation methods and overcomes the shortcomings of the evaluation methods with procedural control.