作者：曹明德
作者介绍：中国政法大学民商经济法学院钱端升讲座教授
出版日期：2023年10月9日
内容提要 双碳目标的实现路径需要从政策表达转译为法律规范。气候变化问题的复杂性特征、双碳法律体系的系统性特征、我国社会治理改革积累的经验，以及社会系统论自身的方法论优势，决定了社会系统论是考察、形塑双碳法律体系的最佳理论工具。在社会系统论的视角下，我国既有的气候变化法制体系存在一定缺陷：综合性应对气候变化法缺位、双碳法律体系碎片化和不均衡，专项立法低碳化程度不足，以及政治和法律两种系统之间的结构耦合存在异化；规制工具上未充分实现管制控制规制与多元主体自我组织规制的协同；气候公正转型与能源正义在立法中整体表现不足。为了完善双碳法律体系，不仅应当遵循社会系统论的双重转译逻辑，以双碳目标为引领及时制定综合性应对气候变化法，还应当以重点领域为抓手有序健全双碳目标相关单行法律，尤其是气候公正转型补偿法律制度。同时，还应当注重促进政治系统和法律系统的良性结构耦合，并充分尊重双碳法律体系的功能有限性。
关键词 碳达峰碳中和 社会系统论 双碳法律体系 应对气候变化法
Abstract: The path to achieving the dual carbon goals needs to be translated from policy expression to legal norms. The complexity of climate change issues, the systemic characteristics of the dual-carbon legal system, the experience gained from China’s social governance reforms, and the methodological advantages of social system theory determine that social system theory is the best theoretical tool for examining and shaping the dual-carbon legal system. From the perspective of system theory, the existing Chinese climate change legal system has some shortcomings: the absence of a comprehensive climate change law, the fragmented and unbalanced dual-carbon legal system, the insufficient low-carbonization of special legislation, and the structural coupling alienation between the political and legal systems. Regulatory instruments have not fully realized the synergy between command-and-control regulations and self-organization of multiple stakeholders, and the overall performance of climate justice transition and energy justice in the legislation is insufficient. In order to improve the dual-carbon legal system, it is necessary not only to follow the systemic logic of double translation and take the dual carbon targets as the lead to formulate a comprehensive Climate Change Law in a timely manner, but also to take the key areas as the goal to promote and improve the single law related to the dual carbon targets, especially the legal system of climate justice transition compensation. At the same time, China should emphasize fostering a positive structural coupling between the political system and the legal system, and fully respect the limited functionality of the dual-carbon legal system.