作者：徐祥民
作者介绍：浙江工商大学特聘教授
出版日期：2023年10月9日
内容提要 气候变化问题是人类面临的由不断加强的人类活动影响力与有限的环境承载力之间矛盾引发的气候异变后果。气候共同体是阻止气候异变后果、争取气候稳定利益的共同体。对共同但有区别的责任原则的历史排放量解释和优先需要解释没有为共同体成员国家共同争取同一利益的行动作出合理说明。气候共同体建设的基本法理应当是“各尽所能、能者多劳”。气候共同体成员间分配应对气候变化责任的依据应当是成员国家“各自的能力”，即包含已然发展成果和未来发展条件两个方面的发展状况。判断发展状况的法理依据是以自然人平等为基础的发展权。我国应当按照自身发展状况为应对气候变化多作贡献，同时动员其他国家承担与其发展状况相一致的责任。
关键词 人类命运共同体 共同但有区别的责任 发展权 自然人平等
Abstract: Climate change issue is the climate variation result caused by the contradiction between the increasing influence of human activities and the limited carrying capacity of the environment. The climate community is a community that prevents climate change result and strives for the benefits of climate stability. The interpretation of historical emissions and the interpretation of priority needs of the common but differentiated responsibility principle do not justify the actions of the member states of the community to jointly pursue the same interest. The basic legal principle of climate community construction should be ‘from each according to his ability, and able person should do more work’. The allocation of responsibility for climate change among members of the climate community should be based on the ‘respective capabilities’ of member countries, that is, the development status of both the development achievements and future development conditions. The legal basis for judging the state of development is the right to development based on the equality of natural persons. China should make more contributions to addressing climate change in accordance with its own development situation, while mobilizing other countries to assume responsibilities consistent with its development situation.