作者：陈光中；路旸
作者介绍：中国政法大学终身教授；中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院博士后，检察基础理论研究基地研究员
出版日期：2023年10月9日
内容提要 在犯罪类型结构发生变化、技术管控能力显著增强的背景下，我国近年来启动了新一轮逮捕与羁押制度改革。实证研究表明，2020年以来，我国逮捕率与审前羁押率均持续降低，但是依然存在逮捕率下降不均衡、逮捕条件适用不规范、羁押必要性审查效果不彰等问题。域外关于审前羁押的合宪性辩论、基本原则与改革方案对我国具有借鉴意义。深化逮捕与羁押制度改革的基本思路是：审查逮捕准确化，防范逮捕率过快降低造成“两重风险”；风险评估数字化，将风险程度与监管措施准确匹配；羁押决定民主化，建立完整的审前阶段权利保护体系。在制度与技术方面，应以构建本土化的风险量化评估机制为中心，推动考核制度、替代措施、电子监控、羁押听证等相关改革。
关键词 逮捕 羁押 社会危险性 电子监控 风险量化评估
Abstract: In the context of changes in the structure of crime types and significant enhancement of technological control capabilities, China has launched a new round of reforms in the arrest and detention system in recent years. Empirical studies have shown that both the arrest rate and pretrial detention rate in China have continued to decrease since 2020, but there are still problems concerning uneven decline in arrest rate, non-standard application of arrest conditions, and ineffective review of the necessity of detention. The extraterritorial constitutional debates, basic principles and reform plans of pretrial detention are instructive to China. The basic ideas for deepening the reform of the arrest and detention system are: stricter arrest review to prevent rapid reduction in arrest rates from causing ‘dual risks’ ; digitalization of risk assessment to accurately match risks with regulatory measures; democratic detention decisions to establish a complete pretrial rights protection system. In terms of the system and technology, we should focus on building a localized risk quantitative assessment mechanism, and promote the reform of assessment system, alternative measure, electronic monitoring and detention hearing.