作者：姜战军
作者介绍：华中科技大学法学院教授
出版日期：2023年6月9日
内容提要 《民法典》第999条的立法目的是为人格权保护与言论自由、国家机关行使职权等公共利益的维护划分边界，性质为人格利益合理使用的一般条款，其适用客体的范围包括姓名、名称、肖像、名誉、荣誉、信用、隐私和个人信息等精神性人格利益。第999条中“新闻报道”应解释为一般“行为人”对公序良俗许可范围内有一定数量的人关注信息的发布；“舆论监督”的范围应参考性质和场所双重标准，解释为对有公共性的社会事务和发生在公共场所的私人事务的监督；“等”字是兜底性规定，表示包括其他性质相同的为公共利益行为；对“公共利益”的范围应宽泛界定，具体涵盖从公共利益属性最强的“公序良俗利益”到最弱的“娱乐利益”的阶梯体系；对“合理使用”的判断应遵循特别规定优先原则、必要原则和比例原则。
关键词 《民法典》第999条 人格利益合理使用 一般条款 新闻报道 舆论监督
Abstract: The legislative purpose of article 999 of the Civil Code is to demarcate boundaries for the protection of personality rights and the protection of public interests such as freedom of expression and the exercise of functions and powers by state organs. The nature is the general clause of the reasonable use of personality interests, and the scope of its applicable objects includes name, entity name, likeness, reputation, honor, credit, privacy, personal information and other spiritual personality interests. In article 999, ‘news reporting’ should be interpreted as the publication of information by the general ‘actor’ which is paid attention by a certain number of people within the scope permitted by public order and good morals; The scope of ‘supervision of public opinions’ should refer to double standards of nature and place, and it should be interpreted as the supervision of social affairs with public nature and private affairs that occur in public places; ‘The like for public interests’ is a catch-all provision, which means that other acts of the same nature are included in the public interest acts; The scope of ‘public interests’ should be broadly defined, specifically covering a ladder system from ‘the interests of public order and good morals’ with the strongest attribute of public interest to ‘entertainment interests’ with the weakest attribute; The determination of ‘reasonable use’ should be guided by the principle of priority of special provisions, the principle of necessity and the principle of proportion.