作者：李世刚
作者介绍：复旦大学法学院教授
出版日期：2023年4月9日
内容提要 所谓“责任竞合”/“请求权竞合”议题的本质是民事救济规范竞争关系的协调问题，而非权利构造问题。由此以受害人请求权为中心视角的理论构造会陷入困境，应予检讨。而解决之道当从问题本源出发，由法律职业共同体成员各司其职、深度合作。就司法者而言，应按法定顺序适用具有竞争关系之规范；若无明确顺序规定，则应依法政策及规范意旨，通过目的解释与体系解释等方法确立规范之间的通用顺序。就立法者而言，规范竞争系难以避免之立法现象，除了排序，还可通过并轨甚至转向结果进路等方式消减竞争冲突。“法条竞合说”系在抽象层面上依据规范目的与功能协调规范竞争关系，对接法律规范竞争冲突问题的本源，具有合理性、可行性及普适性，应值重视并被充分运用到立法论与解释论之中。于典型之债法领域，已采用结果进路的统一责任规范最优先适用，合同规范优先适用于侵权责任规范，不当得利规范处于最后之备位。
关键词 法条竞合说 请求权竞合 请求权 民事责任 法律职业共同体
Abstract: The essence of the so-called liability concurrence or claim concurrence issue is the coordination of the competition relations of civil remedy norms, rather than the construction of rights. Therefore, the theoretical construction centered on the victim’s claim right will be in trouble and should be reconsidered. The solution should start from the origin of the issue, and let the legal professional community perform its own duties and cooperate in depth: For the judiciary, the competing norms shall be applied in the statutory order; If there is no clear provision, the general order between norms should be established through methods such as purposive interpretation and contextual interpretation. For the legislator, norm competition is an unavoidable legislative phenomenon. Besides sequencing, methods such as merging the tracks or turning to the result-orientated approach can be used to reduce competition conflicts. The ‘concurrence theory of norms’ refers to coordinating and regulating the competition relationship according to the purpose and function of the norm at the abstract level, combining with the origin of competition and conflict between legal norms, which is reasonable, feasible and universal. It should be paid attention to and fully applied to the legislation and legal interpretation. In obligation law, generally, the unified liability norm that has adopted the result-orientated approach takes precedence, the contract norm takes precedence over the tort liability norm, and the norm on unjust enrichment is in the final position.