作者：王天玉
作者介绍：中国社会科学院法学研究所副研究员，法学博士
出版日期：2023年4月9日
内容提要 平台用工治理争论的实质是现行劳动法的知识体系和制度构造能否涵盖平台信息技术推动的劳动变革。考察域外主要立法例发现，各国依托自身法律框架在司法裁判和立法修订上形成了差异化的治理目标和实践逻辑，显示出“第三类劳动形态”平衡劳动灵活性与规范性的弹性优势。我国平台用工突破了劳动二分的法律抽象，平台化灵活就业政策组合已经开拓了“第三类劳动形态”的制度空间，平台用工治理应着眼于“类雇员权益保障清单”，基于“民法做加法”的立法进路，通过任务计量型劳动基准、突破劳动关系的集体协商、新业态职业伤害保障等配套制度实现底线保障，并随着劳动形态演进增设权益规范，逐步实现全方位保障和系统性治理。
关键词 平台用工 新就业形态 类雇员 劳动三分法
Abstract: The essence of the debate on platform labor governance is whether the knowledge system and institutional structure of the existing labor law can cover the labor changes driven by platform information technology. Examining the major legislation in foreign countries, it can be found that each country has formed differentiated governance objectives and practical logic in judicial decisions and legislative amendments based on its own legal framework, showing the flexible advantage of the ‘third type of labor form’ in balancing labor flexibility and normativity. China’s platform employment has broken through the legal abstraction of labor dichotomy, and the combination of platform-based flexible employment policies has opened up the institutional space of ‘the third type of labor form’, and the governance of platform employment should focus on the ‘protection list of employee-like rights and interests’, adopt the legislative approach of the ‘addition of civil law’, realize the bottom-line protection through the supporting systems of task-based labor standards, collective bargaining without employment relations, and occupational injury protection for the new employment patterns, etc., and gradually realize the all-round protection and systematic governance by improving rights and interests regulation with the evolution of labor forms.