作者：时延安
作者介绍：中国人民大学法学院教授、刑事法律科学研究中心特聘研究员
出版日期：2023年2月9日
内容提要 民刑关系问题的实质，就是对某一危害行为进行刑事违法性判断时，应否以及如何考虑这一行为在民法上判断的结论。违法一元论和违法多元论对这一问题存在不同认识。作为一种违法行为，犯罪是行为人对特定义务的违反，在解决民刑关系问题上应将民事义务违反作为针对个体性权益犯罪违法性判断的一个重要步骤。以义务违反为分析工具，应合理界定民刑关系问题的论域，进而明晰民事义务来源及其规范属性，并寻找可参酌的具体民事义务规范。民事义务违反的判断结论对相关犯罪违法性的证成具有前提性影响，不能将没有违反民事义务的行为作为针对个体性权益的犯罪进行处罚。民法和刑法具有不同的价值取向和法律调整目的，但并不影响两者在解释论层面的基本方向上保持一致。
关键词 民刑关系 民事义务违反 刑事违法性 刑法解释
Abstract: The issue of the relation between civil and criminal legal rules refers to such a condition whether and how to consider the conclusion of the judgment by civil legal norms on behavior when analyzing the criminal legal nature of the same behavior. Theories of monism and pluralism on illegality have different understandings of this issue. Crimes are illegal behaviors which violate relevant specific duties, so in resolving this issue judging the civil duty violation shall be a step of the process of the judgment of criminal illegality of the crimes against individual rights and interests. Taking duty violation as analyzing instrument, f irst of all, it shall be to reasonably define the discourse domain of this issue, and clarify the legal source of duty violation and attributes of such norms, and then clarify the approaches of looking for the norms of civil duties. The conclusion of the judgment of civil duty violation has a prerequisite impact on the certification of the criminal illegality of relevant crimes, while an act which does not violate the civil duty cannot constitute crimes against individual rights and interests. However, the independent significance of the judgment of criminal illegality cannot be denied accordingly. Civil law and criminal law hold different values and legal adjustment aims, but these differences do not affect the consistency of the necessary basic direction in explanatory theory.