作者：雷磊
作者介绍：中国政法大学法学院教授
出版日期：2023年2月9日
内容提要 以人工智能和大数据的结合为特征的新科技时代，不仅给法律领域带来技术问题和法教义层面的问题，也对法理学知识体系，尤其是法学基本范畴形成挑战。对于这种挑战，大体有三种回应方式：部分基本范畴的独立范畴地位将被完全放弃（如“法律关系客体”“法律部门”），部分基本范畴的既有理解将得到彻底或部分重构（如“法律行为”“法律权利”），但也有部分基本范畴在新条件下应该得到坚定辩护乃至更好捍卫（如“法律责任”“法律主体”）。至于“法律”这一根本范畴是否需要重构，则仍无定论，有待未来通过充分的价值论辩来形成重叠共识。新科技时代并没有“肇生”全新的法理学问题，只是提供了“激扰”法理学知识体系、促使对既有理解进行反思的新语境。唯有对上述挑战作出及时有效的法理学回应，才能抓住中国法学自主性发展的新机遇。
关键词 新科技时代 人工智能 大数据 法学基本范畴 法理学回应
Abstract: The new era of science and technology, exemplified by the combination of artificial intelligence and big data, not only brings technical problems and dogmatical problems in the legal field, but also challenges the knowledge system of jurisprudence, especially the basic categories of law. There are generally three ways to respond to this challenge, among which the independent category status of some basic categories will be completely abandoned (such as ‘objects of legal relationship’ and ‘department of law’), the given understandings of some basic categories will be totally or partially reconstructed (such as ‘legal acts’ and ‘legal rights’), while there are also some basic categories should be firmly defended or even better defended under the new context (such as ‘legal responsibilities’ and ‘legal subjects’). Whether ‘law’ as a fundamental category needs to be reconstructed has not yet been determined, depending on overlapping consensus through value debates in the future. The new era of science and technology does not ‘create’ brand-new jurisprudence issues, but only provides a new context that ‘stimulates’ the knowledge system of jurisprudence and prompts reflection on usual understandings. However, only by a timely and effective response to the above-mentioned challenges from jurisprudence, can we seize the new opportunity for the independent development of Chinese legal science.