作者：胡铭
作者介绍：浙江大学光华法学院教授、国家制度研究院特聘研究员
出版日期：2023年2月9日
内容提要 积极主义法律监督观是以数字检察战略为指引，以检察权的国家法律监督权性质为基础，以数字检务实践为依托的一种新型法律监督理论。传统法律监督受监督范围和监督方式的限制，已经难以满足数字时代的新需求。积极主义法律监督观具有宪法依据，契合能动司法检察理念，有助于法治与治理能力现代化，且与传统法律监督方式并不抵牾。基于Z省S市的实证调研显示，积极主义法律监督观在实践中区别于传统法律监督，呈现出并行监督、类案监督、主动监督、有效监督等特点。积极主义法律监督观具有局限性，在数据平台建设、权利保障和权力冲突等方面存在风险，可考虑从法定主义和比例原则等角度对其进行规制，以推动新时代检察机关法律监督工作向纵深发展。
关键词 积极主义法律监督观 大数据法律监督 检察制度 数字法治
Abstract: Legal supervision activism is a new theory of legal supervision, which is guided by the digital procuratorial strategy, based on the national legal supervision nature of procuratorial power, and supported by digital procuratorial practice. Limited by the scope and methods of supervision, traditional legal supervision has difficulties in meeting the new demands of the digital age. Legal supervision activism does not contradict traditional legal supervision, as it has constitutional grounds, corresponds to the procuratorial philosophy of judicial activism, and contributes to the modernization of rule of law and capacity for governance. Empirical research in city S, province Z, demonstrates that active legal supervision differs from traditional legal supervision in practice, the characteristics of which are parallel supervision, similar cases supervision, active supervision and effective supervision. Legal supervision activism has its limitations and poses risks to data platform construction, rights guarantee, power conflict and so on. Thus, it can be considered to regulate and govern it by the principle of legality and the principle of proportionality, so as to advance deeper development of legal supervisory work for the new era.