作者：栗峥
作者介绍：中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院教授 博士生导师
出版日期：2019年2月9日
内容提要 印证是中国司法证明的传统模式,具有独特的制度生命力。印证不同于完备的证明,是一种非饱和性、进阶性论证。印证最基本的运行方式是"相互",其对立面是孤证。证据间相互印证的前提是"非同一来源",其理论基础是"概率叠列"。在司法实践中,如果"口供印证勘验笔录"的证明方式使用不当,就会出现实践偏差,应予以重视。印证理论的发展不必与自由心证相纠缠,而应以信念理性为心理认知基础,印证调控外在,信念理性规划内在,两者彼此契合、相互支撑。印证与信念理性的哲学教义是可靠主义。可靠主义是对工具理性、价值理性以及非理性的兼容与调和,它为印证与信念理性提供了一系列基础性答案。从印证到信念理性再到可靠主义,这是司法证明科学化进程中的一条有效路径。
关键词 印证 相互印证 信念理性 可靠主义
Abstract: As a traditional proof of Chinese criminal justice system, mutual corroboration (yinzheng) has a unique vitality. Mutual corroboration is different from the complete proof, and is a kind of advanced argument. The opposite of mutual corroboration is the single evidence, and the basic way is mutual. The premise of mutual corroboration is "not from the same source", and its theoretical basis is "probability overlapping". The development of mutual corroboration theory does not need to be entangled with the free evaluation of evidence, and should be based on belief rationality as the psychological cognitive basis, and both of them support each other. The philosophical basis of the proof and belief is reliabilism. Reliabilism provides a series of basic answers for mutual corroboration and the belief rationality. From mutual corroboration to belief rationality and then to reliabilism, they are the effective ways in scientific process of judicial proof.