作者：陆宇峰
作者介绍：华东政法大学科学研究院副研究员
出版日期：2019年2月9日
内容提要 系统论宪法学复兴了宪法社会学传统,从社会整体视角出发破解了现代宪法的"源代码",可能给当代的宪法学研究带来新思维。这种新思维致力于构造一个宏大的理论体系,其内在逻辑是:现代宪法独特的社会功能决定了它在时间、空间、事物三个维度的内涵和特征,使之得以处理现代社会固有的宪法问题;全面理解现代社会面对的宪法问题,才能准确把握现代宪治的实践历史和当下发展,合理预测现代宪治的未来走向;与此进程相应的宪治模式转换,反过来又取决于在不断变迁的社会环境之中有效执行现代宪法功能的客观需要。这一新思维可以初步概括为七个命题:现代宪法的社会功能是"维系功能分化";现代宪法的"现代性"体现为"效力自赋";现代宪法位于法律系统与政治等功能系统的"结构耦合"处;现代宪法的内容有其"社会规定性";抵御体制性社会力量的权利才是"基本"权利,它涉及多重主体,具有双向效力;除了权力滥用的"政治宪法问题",现代社会还面对社会媒介失控的"社会宪法问题";为了处理日益复杂的社会宪法问题,现代宪治持续发生模式转换,正在迈向多元主义的未来。
关键词 系统论宪法学 宪法功能 部门宪法 多元主义宪治
Abstract: Systematic theory of constitutional law revives the sociological tradition of Constitution, decodes the source code of modern constitution from the perspective of the whole society, and may bring new thinking to the study of contemporary constitutional law. The intrinsic logic of this new thinking is: the unique social function of the modern Constitution determines its connotation and characteristics in the three dimensions of time, space and things, and the connotation and characteristic further make it possible to deal with the inherent constitutional questions of the modern society; Only by fully understanding the constitutional problems faced by modern society can we accurately grasp the practical history and current development of modern constitutional governance and reasonably predict the future trend of modern constitutional governance; the transformation of the constitutional model corresponding to this process, in turn, depends on the objective need to effectively implement the functions of modern Constitution in the changing social environment. This theoretical system can be preliminarily summarized into seven propositions: the social function of the modern constitution is to maintain functional differentiation of the society; the modernity of modern constitution is embodied as self-validation; the modern constitution is located at the structural coupling point among the legal system, political system and other functional systems; the content of modern constitution has the characteristics of social stipulation; the right to resist institutional social forces is the basic right which involves multiple subjects with two-way effectiveness; In addition to the political constitutional problem of power abuse, modern society also faces the social constitutional problem in which social media is out of control; in order to deal with the increasingly complex social constitutional issues, the modern constitutional governance continues to transform its mode and is moving towards a pluralistic future.