作者：黄明涛
作者介绍：武汉大学法学院副教授 法学博士
出版日期：2019年2月9日
内容提要 《宪法》第62条第16项对全国人民代表大会作了兜底式授权。鉴于全国人大在我国的特殊优越地位,如何在宪法框架内为其划定权力边界,是理论上与实践上的重大议题。宪法上所称的"最高国家权力机关"应当作为一个规范概念予以把握,以判断全国人民代表大会的权限。第一,最高国家权力机关的"最高"是指在公权力机关序列中的相对优越,而不是绝对无限;第二,最高国家权力机关在行使监督权时,不应损及被监督者依据宪法而享有的职权的完整性与独立性;第三,最高国家权力机关的实际"行动能力"决定了"应当由其行使的职权"是有限的。
关键词 《宪法》第62条 最高国家权力机关 权力边界 权力监督
Abstract: In paragraph 16 of article 62 in the Constitution, the National People's Congress (NPC) is authorized a wide range of powers. In view of the NPC's exceptional status in China, how to delimitate its power within the constitutional framework is a major issue in theory and practice. It is suggested that the supreme organ of state power named in the Constitution should be taken as a normative concept to judge the limit of power of the NPC. First, " "supreme" in the supreme organ of state power refers to the relative superiority in the sequence of public power organs, but not absolute infinity; second, in exercising the right of supervision, the supreme organ of state power shall not harm the integrality and independence of the powers enjoyed by the supervised organs under the Constitution; finally, the actual operational capacity of the supreme organ of state power determines that the powers that should be exercised by it are limited.