作者：朱勇
作者介绍：中国政法大学教授ꎬ中国政法大学“ 司法文明协同创新中心” 首席科学家
出版日期：2019年2月9日
内容提要 中国古代采取"官法同构"的制度建构基本模式,根据国家事务管理需要,设置官制;根据官吏治理需要,建立法制,进而实现"治官"与"治民"的双重目标。从汉唐至明清,官制经历了从"三公九卿"到"三省六部""六部"体制的演进,法制则经历了"六事法体系"的萌芽、建立、成熟、完善等发展阶段。至明清之时,与中央六部官制相对应,以吏事法、户事法、礼事法、兵事法、刑事法、工事法为主体的"六事法体系"成熟、完善。通过对于"户事法"的透视,可以看到,"六事法体系"对于国家事务与社会关系形成广泛覆盖,基本实现了对于文武百官、社会万民的全面调整。这一法律体系,符合古代国情,满足古代治国理政需要,并在维护国家统一、构建社会秩序等方面发挥重要作用;这一法律体系,既体现了中国古代国家治理、社会管理方式的鲜明特色,也展示了中华民族的政治智慧与法律智慧。
关键词 六事法体系 官法同构 户事法
Abstract: In ancient China, administrative system and legal system adopted the same system construction. Administrative system was set up according to the need of state affair management, legal system was established according to the need of official governance, and then the dual goals of ruling the officials and ruling the people were achieved. From the Han and Tang dynasties to Ming and Qing dynasties, administrative system experienced the evolution of the system from three councilors and nine ministers to three departments and six ministries to six ministries, while the legal system experienced the germination, establishment, maturity, perfection and other development stages of the system of six affairs laws. Until the Ming and Qing dynasties, corresponding to the central administrative system of six ministries, the system of six affairs laws with the law of official affairs, the law of financial affairs, the law of ritual affairs, the law of military affairs, the law of criminal affairs, the law of engineering affairs as the main body was mature and improved. From the perspective of the law of financial affairs, it is can be seen that the system of laws of six affairs has a wide coverage of state affairs and social relations, and has basically realized the comprehensive adjustment of officials and citizens. This legal system is in line with ancient national conditions, meets the needs of ancient governance, and plays an important role in the maintenance of national unity, the construction of social order and other aspects; this legal system not only embodies the distinctive characteristics of the ancient Chinese national governance and social management mode, but also shows the political wisdom and legal wisdom of the Chinese nation.