作者：钱叶六
作者介绍：华东师范大学法学院教授
出版日期：2019年4月9日
内容提要 对于存款占有的归属,应区分"存款指向的现金"和"存款债权"两种不同意义进行讨论:根据"现金占有即所有"的一般法则,存入银行的现金归银行占有(所有),存款人依据存款合同取得对银行债权的占有。在错误汇款的场合,错误进入收款人账户中的存款,性质上属于不当得利,应返还给错误汇款人。拒不返还、数额较大的,构成对汇款人所有的财产的侵占。借用他人账户存入存款的场合,存款名义人系该存款债权的占有人,存款名义人基于非法占有的目的,通过挂失、补办新卡的手段取出存款的,成立对实际存款人的财产之侵占;在保管他人银行卡过程中,未经他人授权或者超越授权额度取款,属于冒用他人信用卡的行为,视情形成立信用卡诈骗罪或者盗窃罪。微信、支付宝等用户对作为第三方支付平台的微信、支付宝公司或微信、支付宝绑定的银行账户所属银行享有债权。行为人非法转移他人微信零钱、支付宝余额资金及所绑定银行账户中资金的,应认定为行为人窃取了他人对第三方支付平台的债权或者对银行的存款债权,构成盗窃罪。
关键词 现金 存款债权 存款名义人 占有 第三方支付 盗窃 侵占
Abstract: The cash that the deposit refers to and the creditor's rights should be distinguished before discussing the attribution of the deposit possession. According to the general principle "A person who possesses the cash is the owner of the cash" , the money deposited in banks is owned by banks, while the depositors enjoy the creditor's rights to banks based on the deposit contracts. If a remitter mistakenly sends money to a receiver, the received money is the unjust enrichment and ought to be returned to the remitter. If the receiver refuses to return a relatively large amount of such unjust enrichment, he will be convicted the crime of encroachment. If one deposits money in the name of another person who is the possessor of the account then, there is the possibility that the account possessor reports the loss of the account to the bank and applies for a replacement with the purpose of the unlawful possession of the money. At this time the account possessor will be convicted the crime of encroachment as well. If one whose duty is only to keep the credit card withdraws the cash without or exceeding the possessor's authority, it is the fraudulent use. He will thus be convicted the crime of credit card fraud or theft depending on the circumstances. The users of the mobile accounts enjoy the creditor's rights to the third-party payment platforms like WeChat and Alipay and the binding e-banks. Hence, the person transferring others' money out of the third-party payment platforms or the binding e-banks will be convicted to thieve others' creditor's rights accordingly.