作者：侯玲玲
作者介绍：深圳大学法学院教授
出版日期：2019年10月9日
内容提要 《 工伤保险条例》 第14 条第6 项以及第16 条均以劳动者过错因素作为直 接的工伤排除规则，最高人民法院公布的40 号指导案例亦采用以无过失为起点的推理逻 辑， 从而形成了以劳动者过错替代工伤因果关系的刚性规则。工伤排除规则中的过错责任 是工伤保险演变的“ 胎记” ，与工伤定义并不协调。为防止个人行为或自愿行为具有可责 难性成为排除工伤认定的一般规则，进一步周延工伤定义的理论以及完善工伤法律制度， 应在因果关系判断中考虑劳动者过错。当劳动者过错足以改变行为(不再是工作行为)的 性质时，方可排除工伤认定。在逻辑上，工伤认定规则中的因果关系应该具有周延而完整 的解释力。
关键词 工伤 劳动者过错 工伤排除 因果关系
Abstract:Item 6 of article 14 and article 16 of the Ｒegulations on Work-related Injury Insurance takes the factors of employee’ s fault as the basis for directly eliminating work-related injury and Guiding Case No． 40 of the Supreme People’ s Court also shows the logic based on the analysis of employee’ s negligence，thus forming a special rule of replacing the causal relationship of work-related injuries with fault liability． As a birthmark of the evolution of work-related injury insurance system，fault liability appears in the exclusionary rule of work-related injury，but it is inconsistent with the definition of work-related injury． The exclusionary rule of work-related injury should consider the fault of employees in the judgment of causality，so as to prevent blamable individual or voluntary acts from becoming the general rules of exclusion of employee’ s compensation benefits，and to improve the work-related injury system in academic research and legislation． The work-related injury can be denied only when the behavior’ s nature changes from working to private by the factor of fault． Logically speaking，the causal relationship in the identification of work-related injury should be used to explain all the situations．