作者：黄汇
作者介绍：西南政法大学教授，博士生导师
出版日期：2019年10月9日
内容提要 法律全球化的今天，地域性仍然是各国商标立法和司法的根本原则。使用 地域性问题是商标法中的难点问题。对注册维持使用，因其系商标注册赋权的反面表达， 原则上必须在注册保护国的境内完成。对在先使用而言，则应区分积极和消极的在先使 用， 前者因其同样具有一定赋权性质，基于一国知识产权收益最大化的考量，这种使用也必 须在本国境内完成;而后者更多体现对公平竞争秩序的维护，应平等地开放给境内外所有 符合条件的在先使用者。侵权使用更多强调的是对境内相关公众混淆误认行为的遏制，为 境内的商标权人创造商誉的劳动努力提供激励。在标准的定牌加工情形下，当贴牌加工产 品全部销往境外时，不会引致商标法激励功能制度性失灵，所以不将其作为侵权来对待不 至影响我国商标法功能的实现。
关键词 商标使用地域性 注册维持使用 在先使用 侵权使用
Abstract:In the age of legal globalization，territoriality is still the fundamental principle in trademark legislation and judicial practice of many countries． The ‘ territoriality ’is a difficult problem in the trademark law． As to the registration use for maintenance，since it is the negative expression of the right of trademark registration，it must be completed in the territory of the protected state of registration in principle． For the pre-use，positive and negative pre-use should be distinguished． The former is endowed with a certain nature of rights，and such use must also be completed within its own territory based on the consideration of maximizing the income of a country’ s intellectual property． The latter reflects more the maintenance of the order of fair competition and should be equally open to all qualified users at home and abroad． The tortious use emphasizes more on the prevention of acts of confusion of relevant public in China，and provides incentives for the labor efforts of trademark owners in China to create goodwill． In the case of OEM，when all the OEM products are sold abroad， the system failure of the incentive function of trademark law will not occur． Therefore，it will not affect the realization of the function of China’ s trademark law if not treated as infringement．