作者：任自力
作者介绍：北京航空航天大学法学院教授，博士生导师
出版日期：2019年10月9日
内容提要 损失补偿原则仅适用于财产保险之观点在保险法著述中广为传播，在保险 法实践中亦有深远影响。然而，损失补偿是保险的本质与保险业产生发展之基础，也是保 险业经济补偿功能之集中体现，损失补偿原则适用于包括人身保险之保险全领域实为其应 有之义。人身保险非损失保险观点或是大陆法系国家损害赔偿理论及其限制非财产损害 赔偿规定向保险法不当扩张之结果。在现代社会，定值保险等损失补偿原则适用于财产保 险之例外已不复成立，人身保险的损失补偿性也已为生命价值理论与第三领域保险的丰富 实践所证实。保险损失补偿原则在中国的准确适用有赖于对其民商法理论基础之厘清、 对 其仅适用于财产保险观点之矫正、 对人身保险损失计算标准之明晰，以及对现行保险法下 保险定义等条款之完善。
关键词 损失补偿 财产保险 人身保险 生命价值 定值保险
Abstract:The view that the principle of indemnity is only applicable to property insurance is widely circulated in the works of insurance law，and also has a profound impact in the practice of insurance law． However，indemnity is the essence of insurance，the foundation of the development of insurance industry，and also the concentrated embodiment of the economic compensation function of the insurance industry． The principle of indemnity is applicable to the whole field of insurance，including life insurance，which should be its proper meaning． The viewpoint of non-loss insurance of life insurance is probably the result of the improper expansion of the theory of damages in civil law countries and its restrictions on non-property damages to insurance law． In modern society，the exceptions of indemnity principle applicable to property insurance are no longer established，and the indemnity of life insurance has been confirmed by the rich practice of the theory of life value and the third field insurance． The accurate application of the principle of indemnity in China depends on the clarification of the theoretical basis of its civil and commercial law，the correction of the view that it is only applicable to property insurance，the clarification of the calculation standard of personal insurance loss，and the perfection of the insurance definition under the current insurance law．