作者：刘计划
作者介绍：中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心教授，博士生导师
出版日期：2019年10月9日
内容提要 基于无罪推定与保障人权原则，逮捕作为未决羁押处分，应当受到严格规 制。我国三次修改《 刑事诉讼法》 ，均对逮捕制度进行了改革。1996 年修法，修正了逮捕的 证据要件;2012 年修法，明确了逮捕的社会危险性要件即必要性要件，确立了准诉讼化审 查程序模式，并构建了羁押必要性审查制度。实证研究表明，这两次修法对逮捕适用没有 产生明显影响，未能有效减少逮捕适用，过度适用逮捕的问题未获解决。根本原因是，检察 机关惯于先行作出“ 有罪认定” 进而奉行“ 构罪即捕” ，不能真正履行逮捕社会危险性即必 要性要件审查义务。2018 年修法，仅在逮捕条件条文中增加一款社会危险性考虑因素的 规定，并无实质意义。鉴于检察机关审查批准逮捕模式无法克服自身局限，遭遇改革瓶颈， 建立法院统一审查逮捕模式从而实现逮捕审查司法化方为出路。
关键词 逮捕制度 逮捕条件 逮捕审查程序 羁押必要性
Abstract:Based on the principle of presumption of innocence and protection of human rights，arrest，as pre-trial detention，should be strictly regulated． All of the three revisions of Criminal Procedure Law reformed the arrest system． In 1996，the evidence element was revised． In 2012，the element of social dangerousness，also called necessity element，was clarified; the quasi-litigation examination procedure mode was set up and the necessity examination system of custody after arrest was constructed． Empirical studies illustrated that both revisions did not make obvious effects on the application of arrest． The reform of legislation did not reduce the application of arrest effectively and the problem of over-applied arrest still remains． The root cause is that procuratorate is accustomed to pursuing the presumption of guilty and approving arrest simply based on existence of crimes，so that the procuratorate could not fulfill the duty of examining the necessity element of arrest． The revision of criminal procedure law in 2018 has no substantial effects as it only added a factor in considering social dangerousness． The reform is encountered with a bottleneck because the procuratorate could not overcome its own limitations in examination and approval of arrest． The right way is to establish a unified mode of arrest examination conducted by courts in order to construct a judicial review system of arrest．