作者：沈岿
作者介绍：北京大学法学院教授，博士生导师
出版日期：2019年10月9日
内容提要 当前的社会信用体系建设意在全方位覆盖“ 政府－ 市场－ 社会－ 司法” 领 域， 其名义上是为提高诚信，实际兼具加强法律实施之意。在政府主导的公私联合动力之 下，形成多领域、 多层级主体制作大量信用规范的格局，且以“ 一处失信，处处受限” 为政策 导向。作为一种制度信用的社会信用体系建设，有其产生功效的积极意义，但也存在有效 性边界。更重要的是，以失信惩戒为核心机制之一的社会信用体系建设，违反依法行政原 则、 尊重保障人权原则、 不当联结禁止原则、 比例原则、 公平原则等法治国原则的现象较多 存在，从而造成该工程的合法性危机。为此，有必要对社会信用体系建设重新进行政策定 位， 合理规范失信惩戒的设定权，要求社会信用规范的制定符合法的一般原则，并确保社会 信用规范制定或实施的审查与救济的可得性。由于同社会信用体系建设并行的、 正在建设 中的法治国本身并不成熟、 完善，故声势浩大、 错综复杂的社会信用体系建设的规范化将是 一个艰难的历程。
关键词 社会信用 失信 联合惩戒
Abstract:The current construction of social credit system is intended to comprehensively cover the government，market，society and judicature，nominally to improve integrity in all of these fields but actually to strengthen the implementation of laws as well． Under the public-private joint drive led by the government，a pattern of multi-domain and multi-level subjects formulating a large number of credit norms has been formed． The main policy is‘ if a breach of credibility happens somewhere，there will be restrictions everywhere’ ． As a kind of institution-based credit，the construction of social credit system has positive effectiveness，but there are also inevitable limitations which should not be underestimated． More importantly， the social engineering is facing huge legitimacy and legality crisis because it takes the joint punishment of breaking credit as one of its core mechanisms，and the various and somehow chaotic designs of which for now violate or arguably violate the principles of administration by law，respecting and protecting human rights， prohibiting improper connection， proportionality，fairness and other principles of the rule of law． Therefore，it is necessary to adjust the main policies of this project，regulate the power of punishment，make the social credit norms in conformity to the general principles of law，and ensure the availability of the review and remedy of the social credit norms and their implementation． However，since the construction of the rule of law，in parallel with the construction of social credit system，is still not mature and advanced，the normalization of the huge and complex social credit system construction will be a hard and tough process．