作者：杨明
作者介绍：北京大学法学院教授
出版日期：2021年2月9日
内容提要 私人复制长久以来主要表现为手工抄写，因而立法对之一直未有专门的制度 安排。随着复制设备及介质的家庭化，私人复制对著作权人利益的影响逐渐受到著作权法的 重视，补偿金制度的创设，即是许多欧美国家针对私人复制的负外部性所作出的制度回应，但 也有中韩等少数国家在合理使用制度之外并未构建补偿机制。实际上，本质为“庇古税”的 私人复制补偿金制度并不能很好地回答其是否属于外部性理论“胡闹”的产物，该制度在具 体适用中亦存在诸多实操难题，因此，我国著作权法长期以来应对私人复制的制度安排值得 肯定。随着计算技术、互联网产业、云服务飞速发展，作品传播的供需两侧均与机械复制时代 大相径庭。从市场原则出发来看，私人复制将更加没有“生存空间”，因而补偿金制度已无构 建之必要。刚刚完成修订的我国《著作权法》坚持了过去的正确选择，即使云服务时代仍会 有零星的私人复制行为，现行立法也足以应对。
关键词 著作权法 私人复制补偿金 合理使用 机械复制 数字时代 云服务
Abstract: Since private copying is mainly manual copying for a long time, there is no special system arrangement for private copying in the legislation. With the homely development of replication devices and media, the influence of private copying on the interests of copyright owners has been paid more and more attention by the copyright law. The building of the levy system is the institutional response of many European and American countries to the negative externality of private copying. However, there are also a few countries, like China and South Korea, which have not built the levy system outside the system of fair use. Actually, the levy system, which is essential‘Pigou tax’, cannot answer well whether it is the product of‘nonsense’ of externality theory, and there are also many practical problems in the application of the system. So, it is worth affirming that the institutional arrangement of China’s copyright law in response to private copying. Due to the rapid development of computer technology, internet industry and cloud service, both sides of supply and demand of works communication are quite different from the era of mechanical reproduction. There will be even less‘living space’for private copying from the perspective of the principle of the market, so that it is still not necessary to build up the levy system. The newly revised China’s Copyright Law adheres to the past correct choice. Even though there will still be sporadic private copying in the era of cloud services, the current legislation is enough to deal with it.