作者：陈少青
作者介绍：对外经济贸易大学法学院讲师，法学博士
出版日期：2021年2月9日
内容提要 关于诈骗罪成立范围的实质认定，现有理论主要从“欺骗”“错误”以及“损 失”三个方面对诈骗罪构成要件进行实质解释，形成“限缩行为”与“限缩结果”两种路 径。结合我国财产犯罪的立法特色，财产损失的实质化会导致对损失的有无与具体数额等 难以进行精确判断，并破坏财产犯罪的整体一致性，因此，限缩结果路径不具有合理性。对 于诈骗罪宜采取限缩行为路径，将非法占有目的的内核——民事救济可能的基本丧失，纳入 欺骗行为的认定中，以此区分民事欺诈与刑事诈骗。行为人针对“财产给付的基础事实”“民 事救济的重要事实”进行虚构、隐瞒，导致被害人陷入失去民事救济可能的高度风险的行为， 属于刑法上的欺骗行为，有构成诈骗罪的可能。
关键词 诈骗罪 民事欺诈 财产损失 欺骗行为
Abstract: Regarding the substantive identification of the scope of construction of the crime of fraud, the existing theories substantially interpret the constitutive requirements mainly from the three aspects of‘deception’,‘fault’and‘loss’, forming two paths,‘the limitation of behavior’and‘the limitation of result’. Combining with the legislative characteristics of property crimes in China, the substantive identification of property losses will make it difficult to define the existence or specific amount of losses, and to destroy the overall consistency of property crimes, so that the path of‘limiting the result’is unreasonable. For the crime of fraud, it is necessary to adopt the path of‘limiting the behavior’, and incorporate the core of the purpose of illegal possession, that is, the fundamental loss of possible civil remedy, into the identification of deception to distinguish between civil fraud and criminal fraud. The behavior that the perpetrator fabricates or conceals the‘basic facts of property payment’or‘important facts of civil remedy’, causing the victim to fall into the high risk of losing civil remedies, is a deception in the criminal law and may further constitute the crime of fraud.