作者：张红
作者介绍：武汉大学法学院教授
出版日期：2021年2月9日
内容提要 交易可优化资源分配，更好发挥物之价值，法律对物之交易价值应予保护。 房屋、机动车及其他财物受损均可能产生交易性贬值损失，但我国法律未规定明确的赔偿规 则，判例学说亦存在分歧。交易性贬值损失系交易价值之降低，属直接损失、附随经济损失， 符合可预见规则。在违约责任与侵权责任中，交易性贬值损失如满足各自的构成要件即可 赔偿，不应增设额外的赔偿条件。交易性贬值损失之计算，应在正确理解适用《民法典》第 1184 条及法发〔2009〕40 号第 10 条基础上，选择合理的评估方法。计算时点应视受害人是 否将受损财物转卖及选择的评估方法而定，不应局限于某一固定的计算时点。修理过程中的 以新换旧导致受害人额外获利可能引发损益相抵问题。损益相抵规则之适用，应肯认贬值 损失与以新换旧之获益间具有相当因果关系，并综合考虑财物受损情况、受损部分等因素。
关键词 交易性贬值损失 可赔性 损失计算 以新换旧 损益相抵
Abstract: Transaction can optimize the allocation of resources and give full play to the value of things. The transaction value of things should be protected by law. The damage of houses, motor vehicles and other properties may result in transaction devaluation loss. There is no clear compensation rule in China’s law, and there are different opinions in case and theory. Transaction devaluation loss refers to the decrease of transaction value, which belongs to direct loss and accompanying economic loss, which conforms to the predictable rules. In the liability for breach of contract and tort liability, the loss of transaction depreciation can be compensated if it meets the respective constitutive requirements, and no additional compensation conditions should be added. The calculation of trading depreciation loss should be correctly understood and applied to article 1184 of the Civil Code and article 10 of Legal Document [2009] No. 40, and a reasonable evaluation method should be selected to calculate trading depreciation loss. The calculation time point should be determined according to whether the victim resells the damaged property and the choice of the evaluation method and should not be limited to a fixed calculation time point. New for old in the repair process leads to the problem of offsetting profit and loss. It should be recognized that there is a significant causal relationship between the loss of depreciation and the benefit of new for old. Factors such as property damage and damaged parts need to be considered comprehensively.