作者：郑玉双
作者介绍：中国政法大学法理学研究所副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2021年4月9日
内容提要 新冠肺炎疫情引发全球性公共卫生危机，对常态法律秩序和法治实践构成挑 战。由于紧急事态的现实急迫性和风险扩张性，紧急状态的事实性和规范性存在张力，紧急权 力的行使面临价值优位性和法治融贯性难题。紧急状态下的秩序是紧急权力决策和行使的特 殊社会语境，具有合法性环境和正义环境之双层结构。在紧急秩序的解释性特征之下，应超越 形式法治观和实质法治观的局限，将紧急状态视为法治的临界状态。紧急权力行使以恢复常 态秩序为直接目的，其法治内涵是在正义框架下作出维护和修复基本善的应急处理并促进合 法性环境和正义环境的互动。基于对法治理想的追求，应将合法性和正义的制度互嵌与共同 体德性的培育作为紧急状态中重塑社会正义的重要内容，以凝聚宪法共识、化解紧急危机和巩 固社会根基。
关键词 紧急状态 紧急权力 法治 社会正义 共同体德性
Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused the global public health crisis, bringing about challenges to normal legal order and the rule of law practice. On account of pressing urgency and risk expansivity of urgent situation, the factual aspect and normative aspect of emergency have tension, which entails that the practice of emergency power confronts value priority and the rule of law coherence problem. The order under emergency is a special social context for the emergency power decision making and exertion, and has a dual structure of legality environment and justice environment. In light of the interpretative feature of emergency order, we should overcome the limitations of formal conception and substantial conception of the rule of law, and regard emergency as a borderline situation of the rule of law. The direct purpose of emergency power is to recover normal order, but its rule of law implication is to maintain and restore basic good emergency response in a justice framework and promote the interaction of legality environment and justice environment. In pursuit of the ideal of the rule of law, we should take the institutional embedding of legality and justice and the cultivation of community virtue as the fundamental content of reshaping social justice in an emergency, in order to cohere constitutional consensus, resolve the emergency crisis and consolidate social foundation.