作者：许可
作者介绍：对外经济贸易大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2021年4月9日
内容提要 旨在实现数据再利用的数据流通机制是数据要素市场的关键环节。数据流 通包括多方合意的数据共享，也包括单方非合意的数据爬取。尽管数据爬取占据互联网流量 甚巨，但随着数据中蕴含的个人权益、经济利益和公共安全问题的凸显，数据爬取的法律纠纷 与日俱增。我国一概禁止数据爬取的执法和司法，忽略了蕴含其中的数据流通价值。为此，有 必要跳出数据权属的无穷论争，在承认数据爬取作为一项法律权益的前提下，运用权益权衡的 方法，发现社会伤害最小的法律规则。凭借着阿历克西“权重公式”和数据权益的细化，爬取 企业数据、政府数据、个人数据的正当性边界得以划定，我国《数据安全法》和《个人信息保 护法》的相关规则亦可得以完善。
关键词 数据流通 数据爬取 权衡法则 数据权属 数据再利用
Abstract: The data flow mechanism aimed at realizing data reuse is a critical point in the factor market of data. Data flow includes consensual data sharing between multiple parties, as well as unilateral non-consensual data scraping. Although data scraping occupies a huge amount of network traffic, legal disputes regarding to data scraping are increasing as issues about personal rights, economic benefits, and public safety become prominent. The law enforcement and justice of China bans data scraping, ignoring the value of data flow contained therein. For this reason, it is necessary to jump out of the endless debate on data ownership, but to discover the legal rules with the least harm to society by weighing the interests on the premise that data scraping is recognized as a legal interest. Basing on Alexy’s‘Weight Formula’and the classification of data rights and interests, the legitimacy boundaries of scraping corporate data, government data, and personal data can be delimited, and the relevant rules in China’s Data Security Law and Personal Information Protection Law can also be improved.