作者：孙 晋
作者介绍：武汉大学法学院教授
出版日期：2021年6月9日
内容提要 传统的政府规制易产生阻碍市场公平竞争、制度成本高等规制外部性问题。 正确处理市场自治与政府规制的关系，是现代市场经济体系建设中政府规制变革的肯綮。奠 基于可竞争市场理论的“后规制”，强调政府规制与市场竞争均是增进社会福利的工具，不是 非此即彼的价值目标。“后规制”要求政府遵循公平竞争原则、确立竞争政策基础地位，不仅 需要将市场竞争主体和规制机构纳入到政府规制中，而且规制过程本身亦应受到竞争机制 的评价和约束，从而切实优化规制。公平竞争原则引入规制与公平竞争审查制度覆盖规制， 是克服规制外部性问题的最佳方案，旨在矫正政府不当干预市场行为，促成政府规制模式由 “政府主导型”传统规制转向“市场回应型”的后规制，实现经济发展模式由“产业政策外 驱型发展”转向“竞争机制内驱型发展”。
关键词 可竞争市场理论 公平竞争原则 政府规制 政府主导型规制 市场回应型规制
Abstract: Traditional government regulation tends to generate external problems such as the impediment of fair market competition and high institutional costs. The right way to deal with the relationship between market autonomy and government regulation becomes the heart of the reform of government regulation during the development of the modern market economy system.‘Ex-post regulation’, rooted in the competitive market theory, emphasizes that regulation and competition are the tools to promote social benefit, which are also not mutually exclusive values.‘Ex-post regulation’requires the government to obey the principle of fair competition and formalize the basic position of competition policy, which not only involves entities of market competition and regulation institutions in government regulation, but also evaluates and constrains the process of regulation through competition mechanism for ensuring the regulation improvement. The introduction and application of fair competition as well as the broad deployment of the fair competition review system are the optimal proposition to resolve the regulation externalities. It aims at correcting improper government intervention in the market, shifting the government regulation model from traditional‘government-led’regulation to retrospective‘market-responsive’regulation and realizing the economic development model from‘development driven by industrial policy’to‘competition-friendly development’.