作者：江 溯
作者介绍：北京大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2021年8月9日
内容提要 由于既有理论规则存在的明显缺陷，以危险方法危害公共安全罪在立法和 司法上有沦为 “口袋罪”的嫌疑，因此，从理论上建构该罪的认定规则尤为必要。本文以 2010-2020年中级以上人民法院对以危险方法危害公共安全的相关判决为样本，利用回归分 析、实践与理论契合关系分析来把握经验裁判规则与理论改善的应然方向，提出能有效影响 司法的认定规则。通过综合分析发现：中级以上人民法院对于以危险方法危害公共安全罪 的认定表现出相当审慎的态度，并且形成了可类型化的裁判规则；在此基础上，可以从理论 上对司法裁判规则进行完善。完善后的认定规则如果得到普遍适用，将显著提高以危险方 法危害公共安全罪适用的可控性，从而有效防止其沦为 “口袋罪”。
关键词 以危险方法危害公共安全罪 认定规则 回归分析 契合关系分析
Abstract: The crime of endangering public security by dangerous means is suspected of‘ pocket crime' in legislation and judicial practice because current theoretical solutions are defective. Therefore, the construction of theoretical determination rules is both necessary and important. Based on the criminal cases involving the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means tried by the courts above the intermediate level from 2010 to 2020, this article attempts to propose the determination rule which can effectively influence judicial practice by making regression analysis, and consilience analysis between practice and theory in order to figure out empirical adjudication rule and the direction of theory. Comprehensive analysis shows that the courts above the level of intermediate courts are inclined to restrict the use of the determination of the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means, and the adjudication rules can be modeled. The empirical adjudication rules can be improved theoretically. The improved theoretical models can be generalized in order to improve the controllability of the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means, and therefore prevent the crime from becoming a‘ pocket crime'.