作者：郭 栋
作者介绍：北京大学法学院博士后研究人员
出版日期：2021年10月9日
内容提要 法理是一个去中心化的概念，存在四种义项，离散地分布于裁判文书中。这 四种义项分别是：对于法律的理性认识成果、法律条文的义理内容、法律规范的正当性理据 以及法律作为一种规范性理由。法理概念在表层结构上表现为法的理论、原理、学说，在深 层结构中则承载了法律正当性的价值追问和法律文本的义理内容阐发。在法理概念的二元 构造中，深层结构为概念注入质料和实在；同时，深层结构也要受到表层结构的牵制和约束。 法理概念的深层结构保证了其内容的开放性，表层结构则在载体上趋于类型化。法理概念 的四种义项和二元构造有助于我们全面地认识这一概念在司法裁判中发挥的功能，即转介、 解释、填补和证成四种功能。为了更好地发挥其功能，在这一概念的使用中，要坚持审慎克 制、法定主义和充分论证原则。
关键词 法理 义项分布 二元构造 外部功能
Abstract: Based on the empirical materials of China Judgements Online Database, it is found that Fali (Ratio Legis) is a de-centralized concept and there are four kinds of meaning items: the rational understanding of the law, the meaning of legal provisions, the justification of legal norms and law as a normative reason. This discovery breaks through the monistic structure of the concept of Fali. The concept of Fali is formally manifested as the theory of law, while the deep structure carries the value inquiry of legal legitimacy and the meaning of legal text. In the binary structure of the concept of Fali, the deep structure injects material and reality into the concept, and at the same time, the deep structure is restrained and constrained by the surface structure. The deep structure of the concept of Fali ensures the openness of its contents and the surface structure tends to have several fixed types on carriers. The binary structure and four kinds of meaning items of Fali help us to fully understand the functions of this concept in judgments, that is, referral, legal interpretation, filling the vacancy and justification. In order to make it function well, the principles of prudence, legality and full argumentation should be adhered to in the use of this concept.