作者：肖泽晟
作者介绍：南京大学法学院教授
出版日期：2021年10月9日
内容提要 为了建设者利益需要而批准增加容积率或者在老旧小区增设电梯的决定， 可能破坏原来和谐的邻里关系，可能影响相邻权人的采光等利益，但由于法院对该决定的私 法效力和采光权性质的认识不一致，以及该决定得到了行政政策的支持，使得相邻权人面临 救济上的困境。城乡规划区范围内的采光权首先是一种公法意义上的请求权，只有反射到民 事领域后，才成为私法意义上的采光权。由采光权的公法权利性质所决定，要摆脱相邻权人 的上述困境，就必须由行政机关按照“共享”的发展理念，确保相邻权人能够与建设者共享 因规划许可变更所带来的收益，并在规划许可被变更前从建设者那里得到公平补偿。否则， 规划许可的变更就将破坏和谐的邻里关系，并引发争议。同时，为保护原来和谐的邻里关系， 摆脱相邻权人的救济困境，确保变更规划许可决定的合法性，应建立公正、及时解决此类争 议的行政裁决机制，并将“补偿争议不存在或已解决”作为变更规划许可的前提条件。
关键词 规划许可变更 和谐相邻关系 相邻权 采光权 行政裁决
Abstract: The decision which the administrative authorities approve the increase of plot ratio or the addition of elevators in old residential areas in order to meet the needs of builders’ interests, may destroy the original harmonious neighborhood relationship and affect the daylighting and other interests of persons entitled to adjacent rights. However, due to the court’s inconsistent understanding on the private law effect of the decision and the nature of the daylighting right, and the support of the administrative policy, the persons entitled to adjacent rights are facing the dilemma of relief. The right of lighting within the scope of urban and rural planning areas is first a right to claim in the sense of public law. Only after it is reflected in the civil field can it become the right of lighting in the sense of private law. Determined by the public law nature of the daylighting right, in order to get out of the above relief dilemma of the adjacent obligees, the administrative organ must ensure that the adjacent obligees can share the benefits brought by the modification of planning permission with the builders according to the development concept of‘sharing’, and receive fair compensation from the builders before the planning permission is modified. Otherwise, the modification of planning permission will destroy the harmonious neighborhood relationship and cause disputes. At the same time, in order to protect the original harmonious neighborhood relationship, get rid of the relief dilemma of persons entitled to adjacent rights, and ensure the legality of modification to planning permission, we should establish an administrative adjudication mechanism to fairly and timely solve such disputes, and take‘compensation disputes do not exist or have been solved’as the prerequisite for modification of planning permission.