作者：解志勇
作者介绍：中国政法大学比较法学研究院教授
出版日期：2021年10月9日
内容提要 公共卫生预警原则以保障生命健康权、风险防控、效率和正当程序为价值取 向，具备良好的适法性，应当确立为《传染病防治法》的基本原则。科学不确定性原理是预 警原则的核心依据，是构建预警机制的基本遵循。质言之，预警本身不需要以扎实、充分的 科学依据为支撑，而是基于概率性预测，即可发布预测信息。预警机制与常规疫情监测机制 在属性上有本质差别。建构和完善预警机制，需要独立设置专业性预警机构，制定严密高效 的信息搜集、风险评估、信息发布程序。同时，需要把握时间窗口，及时发布预警，防患于未 然或避免损害扩大。
关键词 传染病防治法 突发公共卫生事件 预警原则 预警机制 科学不确定性原理
Abstract: The value orientation of the public health early warning principle is to protect the right to life and health, prevent and control risks, ensure efficiency and due process. It has good legitimacy and should be established as the basic principle of China’s Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act. The theory of scientific uncertainty is the theoretical basis and core of the precautionary principle and mechanism. Precaution itself does not demand adequate scientific basis, but is based on probabilistic prediction, which are inherently different from the monitoring mechanism. To construct and improve the precautionary mechanism, it is necessary to set up a professional and independent precautionary institution, to formulate strict and efficient procedures for information collection, risk assessment and information release and to grasp the time window and issue precaution in time to avoid or expand damage.