作者：门中敬
作者介绍：山东大学法学院（威海）教授
出版日期：2021年12月9日
内容提要 权力配置模式是政府架构的核心。根据“相对地位”的形式标准与“立法 权限配置”的实质标准，可将不同政府架构下的权力配置模式类型化为“分立制衡”“行政 臣服于立法”“分工制衡”“议行合一”四种典型模式。按照上述类型化标准，我国政府架 构下的权力配置模式并不属于上述任何一种典型模式。基于责任政治的二元化，在对我国 政府架构下的权力配置模式定型化时，应综合采纳宪制和政制的双重标准，将我国政府架构 下的权力配置模式定型化为“统分结合”模式。该模式下，“党的领导”规范为“分工协作” 注入了新的内涵，即在党的领导原则统摄下，权力机关与行政机关目标一致、使命共同、协调 运作。该模式的定型化，应综合考虑民主、责任和效能三个功能要素，并坚持以下完善路径： 一是完善人民代表大会制度，加快建设责任政府；二是科学配置立法权限，尊重行政权的自 主空间。
关键词 国家权力配置 党的领导 责任政治 “统分结合”模式 定型化
Abstract: The mode of power allocation is the core of the government structure. According to the formal standard of‘relative status’and the substantive standard of‘legislative power allocation’, the modes of power allocation under different government structures can be classified into four typical modes:‘the separation and balance of powers’,‘executive accountability for legislation’,‘the division and balance of powers’, and‘the combination of legislative and executive powers’. According to the above-mentioned typology criteria, the mode of power allocation under the government structure in China does not belong to any of the above typical modes. Based on the dualist theory of the politics of responsibility, it is necessary to comprehensively adopt the double standards of the constitution and the regime to categorize the mode of power allocation under the government structure in China as‘the integration of division of labor and cooperation’mode. Under this mode,‘the Party’s leadership’adds a new connotation for the‘division of labor and cooperation’. In other words, under the principle of the Party’s leadership, the power organs and the executive organs have the same goal, common mission and coordinated operation. The categorization of this mode should take into account the three functional elements of democracy, responsibility and efficiency, and adhere to the following improvement path: First, improving the system of people’s congresses and accelerating the construction of a responsible government. Second, scientifically allocating the legislative authority and respecting the autonomous space of administrative power.