作者：刘 科
作者介绍：北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2021年12月9日
内容提要 司法解释中的出罪规范普遍存在着基本类型不清、法理依据不明、出罪后果 表述混乱、出罪事由与出罪后果“错配”等问题，亟需深入研究。出罪规范虽种类繁多，但基 本类型是“无罪”和“有罪归为无罪”。“有罪归为无罪”类型的出罪规范的法理依据是“需 罚性”的丧失。完善司法解释中的出罪规范，应优先采用体系内的出罪事由，限制体系外的 出罪事由；尽可能明晰出罪事由，限制模糊的出罪事由；规范出罪后果的表述方式，可以分别 采用“不认为是犯罪”“不予追究刑事责任”；合理配置出罪事由与出罪后果，将部分“不认 为是犯罪”修改为“不予追究刑事责任”，将部分“不作为犯罪处理”修改为“不认为是犯罪”。
关键词 出罪规范 出罪事由 出罪后果 无罪 有罪归为无罪
Abstract: In judicial interpretations, the provisions of exoneration commonly exist many complications that need further research urgently, such as unclear essential type or obscure legal basis, consequences of exoneration expressed in disorder, a mismatch between‘consequences of exoneration’and‘ground for exoneration’, etc. There are‘non-guilty’and‘the alteration of guilty into non-guilty’as the basic type in varieties of provisions of exoneration. The legal basis about provisions of exoneration in the‘the alteration of guilty into non-guilty’category is based on that the‘foundation of penalty’vanishes. For improvement of the provisions of exoneration in judicial interpretation, the ground for exoneration within the criminal law system should be prioritized, and the ground for exoneration outside the system should be limited; clarify the ground for exoneration of crimes as much as possible to remove its vagueness; regulate the expression about consequences of exoneration, accepting‘not considered as a crime’and‘not be held criminally responsible’; the ground for exoneration and consequences of exoneration should be properly dealt with. It is suggested that the terms of‘not considered as a crime’ should be revised to‘not be held criminally responsible’, along with the parts of‘not treated as a crime’revised to‘not considered as a crime’.