作者：莫纪宏
作者介绍：中国社会科学院法学研究所研究员
出版日期：2021年12月9日
内容提要 “全过程人民民主”深刻反映了中国特色社会主义民主政治的特征，全面和 系统地揭示了“人民民主”作为国家治理和社会治理重要治理机制的治理特点。基于民主 作为“多数人统治”的传统民主价值，“全过程人民民主”强调了民主治理主体的普遍性 和广泛性，但同时也具有民主价值本身所带有的天然的价值缺陷。为此，必须要将民主与法 治、人权等价值有机结合起来，才能构建起科学的基于人民民主价值而形成的治理秩序。“全 过程人民民主”中的“全过程”，真正解决了西方资本主义民主体制下过于强调选举的民主 性所造成的国家权力运行的诸多环节人民“不在场”的情形，通过人民的广泛参与和有效 监督，来保证基于根本政治制度——人民代表大会制度所形成的国家权力运行机制始终处 于人民民主治理的框架中，从而有效地实现宪法所规定的“中华人民共和国一切权力属于 人民”的人民主权和人民民主原则。而要在实践中提高“全过程人民民主”的治理效能， 则必须将“全过程人民民主”治理机制纳入法治轨道，运用法治思维和法治方式来科学和 有效地解决在实践“全过程人民民主”中所遇到的各种理论和实践问题。
关键词 全过程人民民主 民主治理机制 国家治理 社会治理 民主法律化
Abstract: ‘People’s Democracy in the Whole Process’deeply reflects the characteristics of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, and comprehensively and systematically reveals the governance characteristics of‘People’s Democracy’as an important governance mechanism for national governance and social governance. Based on democracy as the traditional democratic value of‘majority rule’,‘the whole-process people’s democracy’ emphasizes the universality and extensiveness of democratic governance subjects, but it also has natural value defects inherent in the democratic value. For this reason, democracy must be organically combined with values such as the rule of law and human rights in order to build a scientific governance order based on the democratic value of the people. The‘whole-process’in the‘whole- process people’s democracy’truly solves the situation that the people are‘absent’ in many links of the operation of state power caused by the excessive emphasis on the democratic nature of elections under Western capitalist democratic systems, and through the extensive participation of the people and the effective supervision to ensure that the state power operating mechanism based on the fundamental political system, the people’s congress system, is always in the framework of people’s democratic governance, thus effectively realizing people’s sovereignty and people’s democratic principles embodied in‘all power of the People’s Republic of China belongs to the people’as stipulated in the current Constitution. However, in order to improve the governance efficiency of‘the whole-process people’s democracy’in practice, it is necessary to bring the‘whole-process people’s democracy’governance mechanism into the path of the rule of law, and use the rule of law thinking and methods to scientifically and effectively solve the various theoretical and practical problems encountered in practicing‘the whole-process people’s democracy’.