作者：杨朝霞
作者介绍：北京林业大学法学系副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2020年4月9日
内容提要 环境权是一项以环境要素为权利对象、以环境利益为权利客体、以享用良 好环境为主要内容的，具有人格面向的非财产性权利。环境权本身既非人格权亦非财产权， 而是一项需要综合运用公法和私法、实体法和程序法进行系统保护的独立、新型的环境享用 权。环境权与资源权、排污权的权利对象都是自然要素，但三者的权利客体各异，分别指向 环境支持功能、资源供给功能和环境纳污功能。资源权、排污权属于广义财产权的范畴 , 在 价值取向上同环境权截然相反；自然保护地役权具有民事权利和行政权力的双重属性，属于 保护自然的权利。被称为程序性环境权的环境知情权和环境参与权，亦非环境权，而属于保 护和实现环境权的派生性权利。生态环境损害赔偿诉讼在本质上属于责令赔偿生态环境损 害之行政命令的司法执行诉讼，尽管同自然资源损害赔偿诉讼一样，也具有环境权益保护的 重要作用，但二者均不属于环境权诉讼的范畴。
关键词 环境权 环境人格权 环境财产权 环境公益诉讼
Abstract: Environmental right is a kind of non-property right which takes environmental factors as the right object, environmental interests as the right object and the enjoyment of a good environment as the main content. It is neither the personality right nor the property right, but an independent and new-type environmental enjoyment right that needs to be systematically protected by comprehensive use of public law, private law, substantive law and procedural law. Although the right objects of environmental right, resource right and pollution discharge right are all-natural elements, the right objects of them are different, pointing to the environmental support function, resource supply function and environmental pollution receiving function respectively. Resource rights and pollution discharge right belong to the category of generalized property rights, which is opposite to environmental right in value orientation; natural protection easement has dual attributes of civil rights and administrative power, which belongs to natural protection rights. Both the right to know the environment and the right to participate in the environmental administrative process are called procedural environmental rights, which are derived from environmental rights. At present, the litigation of compensation for ecological environment damage belongs to the judicial enforcement litigation of administrative decision to order the offenders to compensate for the ecological environment damage in essence. Although both it and the litigation of compensation for natural resources play an important role in the protection of environmental rights and interests, they do not belong to the category of environmental rights litigation.