作者：吴泽勇
作者介绍：华东师范大学法学院教授
出版日期：2020年6月9日
内容提要 证据失权的要旨在于确立一种独立于社会生活时间的诉讼时间，从而从时 间维度化约事实调查的复杂性；证据失权的引入提升了民事诉讼程序的自治程度，有利于法 律系统从社会系统中分出。但由于 2001 年的司法解释过于严苛，且对当事人举证权的保障 不够充分，证据失权在我国的运行并不顺利。实证调查显示，作为失权模式之替代的罚款模 式亦被搁置，原因是罚款机制不适合逾期举证的规制，在具体适用中无法形成激励相容的局 面。为了推进以集中审理为中心的审判方式改革，促成我国民事诉讼程序的结构性变迁，应 当重建证据失权制度。新时期的证据失权制度应遵循谦抑性原则，充分关注当事人程序保 障，在“期间法定，适用裁量”的基础上进行建构。
关键词 举证时限 证据失权 罚款 集中审理
Abstract: The main idea of the system of evidence disqualification is to create a legal time independent of the social life time, thereby simplify the complexity of fact-finding proceedings from the time dimension. From this point of view, the introduction of the system of evidence disqualification enhances the autonomy of civil procedure, which is conducive to the separation of the legal system from the social system. However, the Provisions on Evidence in Civil Procedure of 2001 are overly strict, and the protection of the partiesʼ right of producing evidence is incomplete, so that the operation of the system of evidence disqualification in China is not satisfactory. The empirical investigation shows that the fine model, as an alternative to the system of evidence disqualification, has also been put on hold, because the mechanism is not suitable for the regulation of overdue proof, and is not able to form a situation of incentive compatibility. In order to promote the centralized trial system and help to bring about a structural change of the civil procedure in China, the system of evidence disqualification should be rebuilt. The system of evidence disqualification in the new era should be modesty and restraint, pay full attention to the procedural protection of the parties, and be constructed on the basis of‘time limits are statutory and their application are discretionary’.