作者：黎 宏
作者介绍：清华大学法学院教授
出版日期：2020年8月9日
内容提要 现实当中发生的不阻止他人犯罪案件，有相当部分可以认定为作为共犯。在 行为人以言语、动作、眼神乃至默示等方式指示、放任正犯犯罪时，都可以作为共犯论处。在 判断不阻止行为到底是作为还是不作为时，必须结合不阻止行为实施当时的特定时空环境， 考虑行为人与未被阻止的他人、行为人与被害人之间的亲密关系等因素，从物理和心理的两 个方面进行。只有在难以将不阻止行为处理为作为共犯的时候，才可以将其认定为不作为 共犯；判断不阻止行为是否成立不作为共犯时，必须从行为人是否具有法益保护义务和危险 源监视义务入手，根据结果回避可能性的要求，判断其不阻止行为是否具有成立不作为共犯 的实行行为性，然后才能将不阻止行为论以相关犯罪的共犯即帮助犯。
关键词 不阻止他人犯罪 作为共犯 作为义务 结果回避可能性 行为支配
Abstract: A considerable part of cases that do not prevent others from committing crimes in real life can be deemed as participation of action. When the actor instructs or lets the perpetrator commit a crime with words, actions, expression in his eyes, or even in implicit ways, he shall be deemed as participator. In the judgement of whether the non-preventive behavior is the action or omission, such factors must be considered from both physical and psychological aspects, the specific space-time environment in which the non-preventive behavior was performed, the intimate relationship between the actor and the prevented person, the actor and the victim. Only when it is difficult to treat the non-preventive behavior as participation of action, can it be regarded as participation of omission. In the judgement of whether the non-preventive behavior can be deemed as participation of omission, it is necessary to start with whether the actor has the legal interest protection obligation and the danger source supervision obligation. According to the requirement of the possibility of avoiding the result, only if the non-preventive behavior is deemed as the behavior of participation of omission, can the non-preventive behavior be deemed as participation of related crime, who is the aider.