作者：杨立新
作者介绍：中国人民大学法学院教授，民商事法律科学研究中心研究员；中国法学会民法典编纂项目领导小组成员、继承 编召集人
出版日期：2020年8月9日
内容提要 民法典在《继承法》的基础上形成的继承编，对继承规则经过补充、修改，完 善了我国继承制度。其主要进展包括：修改了遗产范围的规定，补充了继承人丧失继承权的 事由和宽宥制度，新增了遗嘱信托，确认了打印遗嘱和录像遗嘱的效力，补充了转继承规则， 废除了公证遗嘱优先原则，确立了遗嘱时间在后效力优先原则，补充遗产管理人制度等。其 特点是：突出继承制度的私法属性，彰显对民事主体私有财产的保护；突出时代特点，在继承 领域回应科技进步的要求；突出私法自治，尊重被继承人对其身后财产处置的自由意志；突 出完善继承制度，补充修改继承规则。在法律适用中，应当明确完善继承制度的指导思想，对 新规则正确理解准确适用，对新老继承规则统一理解和适用，区分强制性规定和示范性规定 的适用方法，适当适用类推规则和补充法源，调整好继承法律关系，保护好继承关系中各方当 事人的合法权益。
关键词 民法典继承编 继承规则 遗嘱 遗产管理人
Abstract: The Part of Succession in the Civil Code formed on the basis of the Succession Law supplements and modifies the succession rules, and improves the succession system in China. The main progress include: revising the scope of the heritage, supplementing the causes of the successor’s loss of the right of succession and the leniency system, adding the testamentary trust, confirming the effectiveness of printed will and video will, adding the rule of re-succession, abolishing the principle of notarized will priority, establishing the principle of final will priority, and supplementing the system of heritage administrator, etc. It is characterized by highlighting the private law attribute of the succession system, and demonstrating the protection of the private property of civil subjects; highlighting the characteristics of the times, and responding to the demands of scientific and technological progress in the field of succession; highlighting the autonomy of private law, and respecting the free will of the decedent to dispose of the property after his death; highlighting the improvement of the succession system, and supplementing and modifying the rules of succession. In the application of the law, the guiding ideology of the succession system should be clearly improved, the new rules should be correctly understood and applied accurately, the new and old succession rules should be understood and applied uniformly, the application methods of mandatory and exemplary provisions should be distinguished, the analogy rules and the supplementary law sources should be applied appropriately, the legal relationship of succession should be adjusted well, and the legitimate rights and interests of all parties in the succession relationship should be protected.