作者：印波
作者介绍：北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院副教授、法学博士，中国企业家犯罪预防研究中心研究员
出版日期：2020年10月9日
内容提要 《刑法修正案（七）》增设了组织、领导传销活动罪，并通过列明行为方式以 及“骗取财物”的要件设定，将本罪的适用情形限定于诈骗型传销。传销之团队计酬具有 复杂性、多样性的特点，可根据人员层级关系和奖金计酬方式划分类型。根据司法解释性文 件，应将以销售商品为目的的真正的团队计酬完全除罪。团队计酬既不宜定组织、领导传销 活动罪，也不宜定非法经营罪。团队计酬所产生的风险具有行政可控性，禁止团队计酬行为 是一种权宜的立法行为。可以通过在解释中实现团队计酬非罪化完成传销犯罪的适度司法 限缩，并根据其诈骗本质完善组织、领导传销活动罪的构成要件。
关键词 传销犯罪 组织、领导传销活动罪 诈骗 团队计酬 非罪化
Abstract: The Amendment (VII) to the Criminal Law has established the crime of organizing or leading the pyramid selling activities and confined its applicable contour to fraudulent pyramid scheme by clarifying the types of acts and components of‘defrauding property’. Multi-level Marketing (MLM) has the characteristics of complexity and variety. The patterns of the MLM can be divided based upon the personnel hierarchies and bonus calculation methods. According to the enactment of judicial documents with the nature of legislation interpretation, it is necessary to decriminalize the genuine MLM to sell commodities. The MLM shall be convicted neither as the crime of organizing or leading the pyramid selling activities nor the crime of illegal business operation. The risk of the MLM is controllable by administrative law. The prohibition of the MLM is a contingent legislative conduct. We shall accomplish modest judicial restraint of pyramid selling crime by means of decriminalizing the MLM in the explanations and legislatively improve the essential elements of the crime of organizing or leading the pyramid selling activities based upon its fraudulent essence.