作者：朱虎
作者介绍：中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心研究员，中国人民大学法学院教授
出版日期：2020年10月9日
内容提要 债权转让中，为保护债务人利益，禁止债权转让和维持债权同一性应相互衔 接。受让人不得要求债务人在其他地点履行债务，但在金钱债权中存在一定例外，同时，债 务人有权请求让与人或受让人负担因债权转让而增加的履行费用。债务人对让与人的所有 实体和程序抗辩都可以向受让人主张，该抗辩的产生时点不受限制；即使受让人不知道仲裁 协议或者管辖协议的存在，该协议仍能约束受让人。债务人基于其接到转让通知前的法律 原因取得对让与人的反对债权，且反对债权先于转让债权到期或与之同时到期的，债务人可 以主张抵销；反对债权与转让债权基于同一合同或者同一交易产生的，债务人的抵销权不受 反对债权产生时间和履行期先后的限制。债务人对抗辩和抵销的放弃或确认不存在能够切 断这种延续性保护，但有疑义时应当作限制性解释。
关键词 债权转让 债权同一性 债务人抗辩 债务抵销
Abstract: In order to protect the interests of the obligor in an assignment of debt, prohibiting such an assignment and maintaining the identity of creditor’s right should be connected. The assignee cannot require the obligor to perform the obligation in other places, but there is an exception in case of monetary rights. At the same time, the obligor is entitled to request the assignor or the assignee to bear the additional costs of performance. The obligor may assert against the assignee all the substantive and procedural defenses that the obligor could assert against the assignor, whenever the defenses arise; even if the assignee does not know the existence of the arbitration agreement or the jurisdiction agreement, the agreement can still bind the assignee. If the obligor obtains a counter-right against the assignor based on legal reasons which come into existence before the obligor receives a notice of the assignment, and the counter-right expires before or at the same time as the assignor’s right, the obligor may exercise against the assignee the right of set-off. But in the case where the rights of both parties arise from the same contract or the same transaction, the obligor’s right of set-off shall not be limited by the time when the counter-right arises and the order of performance. In the case where the obligor waives his rights to assert defenses and rights of set-off or the obligor confirms that the defenses and the right of set-off do not exist, the continuous protection shall be cut off, but a restrictive interpretation should be given in case of doubt.