作者：杨 华
作者介绍：上海政法学院教授
出版日期：2020年12月9日
内容提要 极地全球治理是指包括国家、国际组织等在内的多元主体，根据各种极地治 理规则并通过各种机制对极地利用、保护和改善等行为进行规范和管理的统称。我国作为 国际法主体参与全球极地治理的法治构建，既是参与极地全球治理的必要前提，也是参与极 地全球治理能力的重要体现。我国在参与极地全球治理过程中，既受到极地全球治理国际 规则不统一、不完善等普遍性问题的制约，也受到根据西方国家价值偏好设置的规则阻碍和 极地国家管辖权的限制；同时，还存在极地国内立法缺失、参与极地全球治理的管理机构设 置不完善等特殊性问题。因此，在国际层面，我国应当通过推进完善现有极地全球治理的规 则体系，倡导以人类命运共同体为理念的规则之治，以多元方式参与推动极地区域治理等途 径，全面提升参与极地全球治理的能力；在国内层面，应当以法治思维引领参与极地全球治 理国家规划，依法确立并完善极地管理机构，统分结合推进极地国内立法，增强我国参与极 地全球治理的能力。
关键词 极地全球治理 人类共同继承财产 极地法治 极地立法
Abstract: Polar global governance refers to the general term for the regulation and management of the utilization, protection and improvement of polar regions through various mechanisms by multiple entities including countries and international organizations in accordance with various polar governance rules. As a subject of international law, China’s participation in the legal construction of global polar governance is a necessary prerequisite for countries to participate in polar global governance, and also an important embodiment of the ability to participate in polar global governance. In the process of China’s participation in polar global governance, it is not only restricted by the universal issues such as the inconsistency and imperfection of the international rules of polar global governance, but also hindered by the rules set according to the value preferences of western countries and restricted by the jurisdiction of polar countries. At the same time, there are also some special problems, such as the absence of domestic legislation in polar regions and the imperfect establishment of the administrative organs participating in the global governance of polar regions. Therefore, at the international level, China should advocate the rules based on the idea of a community of shared future for mankind, participate in the promotion of polar region governance in multiple ways, and comprehensively enhance the ability to participate in polar global governance through promoting the improvement of the existing polar global governance rule system; at the domestic level, it is necessary to guide the national planning of participating in polar global governance with legal thinking, establish and improve polar administrative institutions in accordance with the law, and promote polar domestic legislation, and enhance China’s ability to participate in polar global governance.