作者：李永军
作者介绍：中国政法大学教授
出版日期：2020年12月9日
内容提要 《民法典》在合同编之准合同分编中规定了无因管理制度，但无论立法、学 理还是司法，对于无因管理的规范构成和适用都相当漠视。从概念界定看，从“没有权利或 者权限”视角解读无因管理的构成更加契合我国民法典的规范体系。对于我国民法典上的 无因管理的概念应作扩张解释，其规范空间应通过体系解释的方式予以厘清。从规范价值 和适用上看，在委托合同与代理权的关系中，必须结合其在我国民法典中的“二元结构”模 式来阐明无因管理在其中的平衡价值；无因管理应优先于不当得利适用；不同类型的无因 管理对侵权行为的阻却程度不同，根据我国民法典规定，特殊情况下甚至应优先适用侵权责 任；因诚实信用而产生的附随义务排除无因管理的适用，因此，合同关系中应慎用无因管理。
关键词 无因管理 委托与代理 多重担保 不当得利 侵权行为
Abstract: The Civil Code stipulates the system of negotiorum gestio in the Title ‘Quasi-contracts’of the Book‘Contracts’, but no matter in the field of legislature, academia or judiciary, the normative constitution and application of negotiorum gestio have not been taken seriously. From the perspective of definition, the interpretation of determinants of negotiorum gestio from the perspective of‘no rights or authority’more conforms to the normative system of the Civil Code. The definition of negotiorum gestio in the Civil Code should be expanded to interpret and its normative space should be clarified through systematic interpretation. In terms of normative value and application, in the relationship between the contract of mandate and the power of agency, it should be combined with its‘dual structure’model in the Civil Code of China to clarify the balance value of negotiorum gestio; negotiorum gestio should take precedence over the application of unjust enrichment; different types of negotiorum gestio have different eliminative influences on determinants of tort liability, and even the Civil Code stipulates that applying tort liability has priority under special circumstances; the accompanying obligation arising from good faith excludes the application of negotiorum gestio, therefore, negotiorum gestio should be applied cautiously in the contract relationship.