作者：冉克平
作者介绍：武汉大学法学院教授
出版日期：2020年12月9日
内容提要 夫妻财产的归属、夫妻财产的处分与夫妻债务的认定及清偿相互牵连，共同 构成夫妻财产制度的基本框架。夫妻财产制度包含由夫妻伦理秩序与夫妻财产归属规范形 成的内部结构，以及由财产法中的取得、处分与负债规范等形成的外部结构，两者在价值与 规范上形成体系化效应。夫妻共同财产与个人财产的规范阐释应坚持夫妻共同体本位，同 时兼顾个人主义的价值理念。夫妻共同财产的法律属性原则上应采“物权方案”即“夫妻 共同共有”，针对夫或妻单方处分共同财产可通过灵活适用善意取得制度在风险归责、弱者 保护与交易安全之间进行适当权衡。夫妻共同债务类型应当结合获利可能性、风险合理分 配以及人格独立等因素判断。夫妻共同债务的清偿可类比普通合伙或有限合伙确认举债方 配偶的连带责任与有限责任，并通过共同财产推定和夫妻之间的追偿权平衡债权人与夫妻 共同体的利益状态。
关键词 夫妻财产制度 双重结构 法定夫妻财产制 物权方案 夫妻共同债务
Abstract: The attribution and disposition of marital property and the confirmation and settlement of marital debt are mutually involved, which jointly constitutes the basic framework of the marital property system. The marital property system contains the internal structure formed by marital ethical order and the norm of marital property attribution, as well as the external structure formed by acquisition, settlement and liabilities norms of the Property Law, and they form a systemic effect on value and norms. The normative interpretation of community property and personal property should adhere to the principle of the marital community, while taking into account the value concept of individualism. The legal attribute of community property should adopt the‘property scheme’in principle, that is,‘common ownership of husband and wife’. As for the unilateral disposal of community property by husband or wife, the system of acquiring in good faith can be flexibly applied to appropriately balance the risk attribution, the protection of the weak and transaction security. The type of marital joint debt should be judged based on factors such as the possibility of profit, reasonable distribution of risk and personality independence. The settlement of marital joint debt can be compared with the general partnership or limited partnership to confirm the joint liability and limited liability of the debtor’s spouse and presume the right of recourse between husband and wife through community property and balance the state of interests of the creditor and the community of husband and wife.